一、前言

對于判斷作文的結(jié)構(gòu)類型，應(yīng)該不是很大的問題，現(xiàn)在我們關(guān)心的是，考生太過依賴所謂的模板，而使得文章沒有靈活度，太過于模式化。同學(xué)們都知道，在考試中，如果我們的文章太過模式化，也就是有背模板的嫌疑，這樣的文章在考官眼中是低質(zhì)量的作文。朗閣海外考試研究中心分析認(rèn)為，此現(xiàn)象的主要原因應(yīng)該歸咎于考生存在希望通過所謂“萬能模板”去獲得高分的心態(tài)，期望通過所謂捷徑來快速取得理想的分?jǐn)?shù)?？墒沁@樣做往往會適得其反。

二、分析

確定考試題型是大家考試之前必備一個(gè)能力，這是審題的一個(gè)重要前提。單邊結(jié)構(gòu)主要有兩個(gè)方面的特征：考題文字中的觀點(diǎn)單一和考生對觀點(diǎn)支持角度的單一，即不能模棱兩可，必須有明確的單一指向性的觀點(diǎn)傾向。

真題鏈接：In some countries, government encourages industries and business to move from large cities to regional areas. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this policy?

以上是作文題庫中的考試真題，相信大家都已經(jīng)非常熟悉了。我們就一起結(jié)合此題，對單邊結(jié)構(gòu)的整體文章結(jié)構(gòu)和遣詞造句做一個(gè)簡單的對比。

1. 引言段

引言段是通篇作文的開篇之作，對于它的寫法多種多樣。但是無論怎樣書寫，切忌出現(xiàn)以下模式性的語句樣式：

模板語言：

Nowadays, the relocation of industries and business has become a public focus on which people retain different views. Personally, I am favor of the opinion that we should move the industries and business to regional areas. The reasons can be listed in the following three aspects.

這樣的模板相信大部分考生都不會覺得陌生，它曾經(jīng)“造福”了無數(shù)考生。但是這樣過于機(jī)械的語言，很難體現(xiàn)出考生對考題文字的理解，更為糟糕的是，你的開頭有可能和無數(shù)人是重復(fù)的！

下面我們就做一個(gè)簡單的對比：

非模板語言：

In traditional city planning, the industrial and commercial areas are placed in large cities.（調(diào)用背景知識，引出話題）However, recently, in some countries; government start to encourage those functional areas to move out of cities.（同義轉(zhuǎn)換考題文字）The alternation of location for those sections can be viewed as an action to ensure the sustainable development of a country.（自然流露觀點(diǎn)傾向）

2. 主體段

模板語言：

In the first place, ____________________________.

In the second place, _________________________.

Last but not the least, _________________________.

在傳統(tǒng)的模板里，單邊結(jié)構(gòu)的主體段只是簡單的分段論證分論點(diǎn)，雖然結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然，但是也難免落入模式化的俗套。

做一個(gè)簡單的對比：

非模板語言：

a. 讓步分析

Admittedly, when industry and commercial regions are established in large cities, the profits of enterprises could be maximized. Due to the sufficient human resource, advanced technology and complete infrastructure, urban areas are always regarded as a dream land for economic development. Apart from the positive effects the location exerts on the development of companies, the contribution of taxes to the government is another reason why those industries are originally built in cities.

單邊結(jié)構(gòu)并不總是一條道走到黑，可以先讓步分析題目中的背景信息，這樣可以為觀點(diǎn)的論證提供很好的鋪墊，當(dāng)提出觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候就不會很突兀，會顯得更加“底氣十足”。

b. 轉(zhuǎn)折過渡

However, nothing is without its costs. The flourishment of economy also brings a more crowded environment, soaring crime rate and the heavy burden of resources in cities, which arouses a dramatic conflict between different fields. What’s more, it leads to the unbalanced regional development. And the gap between cities and rural areas is continuously sharpened.

但是單邊結(jié)構(gòu)畢竟是要明確地提出一個(gè)中心論點(diǎn)，才不會偏離文章的主旨，所以在這篇文章中，這個(gè)時(shí)候轉(zhuǎn)折就顯得相當(dāng)重要。

c. 提出觀點(diǎn)

Obviously, promoting the relocation of business and industries is a wise decision to ease the pressure of cities as well as facilitate the economic development in regional areas. The city will naturally be freed from the overcrowdedness and serious pollution. More importantly, those regional areas which are chosen as the new places for industries and commercial activities could gain an advantageous position in the rapid growth of local economy. People there may not pour into cities to pursue their goals, which could lead to the deterioration of both urban and rural environment.

有了前面的鋪墊，這時(shí)候的觀點(diǎn)提出就非常順暢了，不需要費(fèi)盡口舌說服讀者來“買你的帳”。筆者認(rèn)為，只有鋪墊充足，觀點(diǎn)的提出才更像是一種必然。

3. 結(jié)尾段

模板語言：

To sum up, from the above analysis, we can come to the conclusion that_____________________________________________.

做一個(gè)簡單的對比：

非模板語言：

In conclusion, the change of location for both industry and business is based on extensive consideration, apparently, this policy could make the all-direction and sustainable development of a country a possibility. （自然流露觀點(diǎn)傾向）

三、總結(jié)

建議各位考生：不要盲目追求所謂模板，要注重靈活度。筆者認(rèn)為，中國考生寫作得分低，除了語法這個(gè)大問題以外，其實(shí)一味背誦模板甚至隨處套用所謂“萬能模板”是丟分的一大原因。寫作的最高境界就是把各種連接化于無形，實(shí)現(xiàn)語義的自然銜接?？忌仨毟鶕?jù)考題的要求，調(diào)用自己原有的語言配上正確的語法，使作文具有鮮明的個(gè)人特色，侃侃而談。在考場中，拉近與考官的距離而不是設(shè)置一道冷冰冰的“模板墻”。

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