一、圖形種類及概述法：

泛指一份數(shù)據(jù)圖表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table

餅圖：pie chart

直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart / histogram

趨勢曲線圖：line chart / curve diagram

表格圖：table

流程圖或過程圖：flow chart / sequence diagram

程序圖：processing/procedures diagram

以下是一些較常用的描述用法

The table/chart diagram/graph shows

According to the table/chart diagram/graph

As shown in the table/chart diagram/graph

As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures

figures/statistics shows ...

It can be seen from the figures/statistics

We can see from the figures/statistics

It is clear from the figures/statistics

It is apparent from the figures/statistics

table/chart/diagram/graph figures ...

table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how

......

閱卷考官經(jīng)常是不會(huì)看那些圖表的，因此文章必須邏輯清晰，如果描述得能令人在腦海里勾畫出那個(gè)data chart，這篇task1無疑會(huì)達(dá)到8分的水平。開篇的第一句話可以是一句高度概括性的introduction;這樣做不僅使文章更趨于完美，而且可以達(dá)到湊字?jǐn)?shù)的目的。接下來另起一段開始進(jìn)行描述，這當(dāng)中經(jīng)常要連續(xù)使用非限定性定于從句，從而使得描述過程流暢、清晰。最后也可再另起一段進(jìn)行簡短的綜述。上述的任何一個(gè)步驟都要遵循依據(jù)現(xiàn)有data進(jìn)行客觀描述的原則，任何推測性或議論性的內(nèi)容寫得再多、再精彩不僅不會(huì)加分，而且還會(huì)成為扣分的因素。

二、data的具體表達(dá)法

data在某一個(gè)時(shí)間段固定不變：fixed in time

在一系列的時(shí)間段中轉(zhuǎn)變：changes over time

持續(xù)變化的data在不同情況下:

增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ...

減少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ...

波動(dòng)：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ...

穩(wěn)定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ...

最常用的兩種表達(dá)法：

動(dòng)詞 + 副詞形式

形容詞 + 名詞形式

1. Verb+Adverb form

The number of XXX

+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...

+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly...

+from to / between and

2. Adjective+Noun form

There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight

+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation

+in the number of XXX from to / between and

描述穩(wěn)定的data：

The number of XXX remained steady/stable from to / between and

The number of XXX stayed the same from to / between and

There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from to / between and

描述不同狀態(tài)的data

Noun form:

steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop

Verbal form:

bottom out / reach the bottom / increase gradually / reach a plateau / remain steady

描述the highest point以及the lowest point

高點(diǎn)極值：

The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ...

+peaked in <準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at XXX> at XXX% / XXX

或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX

低點(diǎn)極值：

XXX bottomed out / reached

+rock / the bottom / a low point

或者h(yuǎn)it a trough

此外，在描述過程中還有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：

并列： as well as also as well either neither too moreover furthermore in addition additionally besides what's more apart from ...

舉例： for example for instance to illustrate as an illustration in particular particularly especially

事實(shí)： as a matter of fact in fact actually as long as so long as ...

雷同/近似：similarly likewise at the same time equally ...

轉(zhuǎn)折： however whereas nevertheless nonetheless though although even though while yet on the contrary contrarily in contrast conversely on the other hand unlikely in stead in spite of despite of ...

原因與結(jié)果

1. cause-suggestion

since / now that ...; I hope that...

because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + sth I hope that...

2. cause-effect

XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...

therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / so ...

3. effect-cause

XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ...

because ...

it is adj. that ...

it is unimaginable that ...

it is undeniable that ...

it is interesting to discover that ...
三、其它相關(guān)常用詞

1. 主章開頭

圖表類型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph

描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent

內(nèi)容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion

2. 表示數(shù)據(jù)

一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10%

最高點(diǎn)：peaked; reached a peak / high point

bottomed out; reached the bottom

變化：recover 略有回升; increase; jump; rise/rose; climb

decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce

fluctuate 浮動(dòng)，搖擺不定

remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change

變化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的

rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飛快的，險(xiǎn)峻的

dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的，生動(dòng)的

significant/significantly 有意義的，重大的，重要的

sharp/sharply 銳利的，明顯的，急劇的

steep/steeply 急劇升降的

steady/steadily 穩(wěn)固的，堅(jiān)定不移的

gradual/gradually 漸進(jìn)的，逐漸的

slow/slowly 緩慢的，不活躍的

slight/slightly輕微的、略微地

stable/stably 穩(wěn)定的

表示范圍：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多長時(shí)間直到

表示程度：almost adv. 幾乎，差不多

nearly adv. 幾乎，密切地

approximately adv. 近似的，大約

about adv. 附近， 大約，轉(zhuǎn)向，左右，周圍

just over 剛超過

over adv. 結(jié)束，越過，從頭到尾

exactly adv. 正確地，嚴(yán)密地

precisely adv. 正好 精確地;清晰地

比例：20 per cent 20%

one in three 1/3

one out of every four 1/4

3. 其它在描述中的常用到的詞

significant changes 圖中一些較大變化

noticeable trend 明顯趨勢

during the same period 在同一時(shí)期

grow/grew 增長

distribute 分布，區(qū)別

unequally 不相等地

pronounced 明顯的

average 平均

no doubt 無疑地

corresponding adj. 相應(yīng)的，通訊的

represent vt. 闡述，表現(xiàn)

overall 總體上講

except 除外

in the case of adv. 在...的情況下

in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面

in contrast 相反，大不相同

in conclusion adv. 最后，總之

in comparison 相比之下

inversely adv. 相反地，倒轉(zhuǎn)地

in general 通常，大體上，一般而言

range from

excessive adj. 過多的，過分的，額外

lower v.降低，跌落

elapse vi.過去，消逝

category n.種類

government policy 政府政策

market forces 市場規(guī)率

measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，調(diào)節(jié)

forecast n. 先見，預(yù)見 v. 預(yù)測

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